Types of waste TALLER UNIDAD I y II

Types of waste
While the elimination of waste may seem like a simple and clear subject it is noticeable that waste is often very conservatively identified. This then hugely reduces the potential of such an aim. The elimination of waste is the goal of Lean, and Toyota defined three broad types of waste: muda, muri and mura; it should be noted that for many Lean implementations this list shrinks to the first waste type only with corresponding benefits decrease.
To illustrate the state of this thinking Shigeo Shingo observed that only the last turn of a bolt tightens it—the rest is just movement. This ever finer clarification of waste is key to establishing distinctions between value-adding activity, waste and non-value-adding work. Non-value adding work is waste that must be done under the present work conditions. One key is to measure, or estimate, the size of these wastes, to demonstrate the effect of the changes achieved and therefore the movement toward the goal.
The "flow" (or smoothness) based approach aims to achieve JIT, by removing the variation caused by work scheduling and thereby provide a driver, rationale or target and priorities for implementation, using a variety of techniques. The effort to achieve JIT exposes many quality problems that are hidden by buffer stocks; by forcing smooth flow of only value-adding steps, these problems become visible and must be dealt with explicitly. Muri is all the unreasonable work that management imposes on workers and machines because of poor organization, such as carrying heavy weights, moving things around, dangerous tasks, even working significantly faster than usual. It is pushing a person or a machine beyond its natural limits.
This may simply be asking a greater level of performance from a process than it can handle without taking shortcuts and informally modifying decision criteria. Unreasonable work is almost always a cause of multiple variations. To link these three concepts is simple in TPS and thus Lean. Firstly, muri focuses on the preparation and planning of the process, or what work can be avoided proactively by design. Next, mura then focuses on how the work design is implemented and the elimination of fluctuation at the scheduling or operations level, such as quality and volume. Muda is then discovered after the process is in place and is dealt with reactively. It is seen through variation in output. It is the role of management to examine the muda, in the processes and eliminate the deeper causes by considering the connections to the muri and mura of the system. The muda and mura inconsistencies must be fed back to the muri, or planning, stage for the next project.
A typical example of the interplay of these wastes is the corporate behaviour of "making the numbers" as the end of a reporting period approaches. Demand is raised to 'make plan,' increasing (mura), when the "numbers" are low, which causes production to try to squeeze extra capacity from the process, which causes routines and standards to be modified or stretched. This stretch and improvisation leads to muri-style waste, which leads to downtime, mistakes and back flows, and waiting, thus the muda of waiting, correction and movement.

A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu area de interes. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces.. agrega las abreviaciones.
Avoided: avoid / verbo transitivo ‹obstacle/place› evitar; (N) [Función] Stretched /stret/ verbo transitivo ‹arm/leg› estirar, extender (conj.⇒); (N) [Función] Beyond / preposición / más allá de / (N) [Función]
2. Idea principal del texto (en español)
Los desperdicios como problema de todas las industrias generan innumerables problemas, por lo tanto es de vital importancia implementar técnicas de ingeniería como la manufactura magra para eliminar todos los tipos de desperdicios.
3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)
Palabras de contenido:
Palabras de Función: to, then
Verbos: reduces, achieve
Adverbio: conservatively, explicitly
Adjetivo: heavy, dangerous
Artículo: the, an
Preposiciones: with, like
Conjunción: Because, for
Cognados verdaderos: potential, demonstrate
Cognados Falsos:
Sufijo: unreasonable, performance
Prefijos: unreasonable

1.The muda and mura inconsistencies must be fed back to the muri, or planning, stage for the next project.
FN: The muda and mura inconsistencies
PRE: The muda and mura
NUCLEO: inconsistencies
FV: must be fed back to the muri, or planning, stage for the next project.
NUCLEO: be
Tiempo verbal: Presente.

2. This ever finer clarification of waste is key to establishing distinctions between value-adding activity, waste and non-value-adding work.
FN: This ever finer clarification of waste
PRE: This ever finer
POST: of waste
NUCLEO: clarification
FV: is key to establishing distinctions between value-adding activity, waste and non-value-adding work.
NUCLEO: is
Tiempo verbal: presente simple